Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping today pledged to continue their bid to upend world order while condemning what they cast as an increasingly ‘aggressive’ United States.

Meeting in Beijing, the Russian and Chinese leaders also vowed to ‘cherish and nurture’ their so-called ‘no limits’ relationship, something they proclaimed just weeks before Putin launched his invasion of Ukraine on February 24 2022. 

It is Putin’s first trip abroad since his March re-election and the second in just over six months to China , underscoring the importance of Xi’s support for the Kremlin chief.

The pair frame their relationship as a buttress against the meddling West, hastening a shift in the international order towards multipolarity and away from US and Western dominance.

In a clear snub to Washington, whose top diplomat flew into China last month to try to persuade Beijing to scale back its relationship with Moscow, Xi signalled Beijing and Russia saw eye to eye on a range of important issues, including on Ukraine. 

‘The China-Russia relationship today is hard-earned, and the two sides need to cherish and nurture it,’ Xi told Putin.

‘China is willing to … jointly achieve the development and rejuvenation of our respective countries, and work together to uphold fairness and justice in the world.’

A joint statement spoke of concerns about what were described as US efforts to violate the strategic nuclear balance, global US missile defence that threatened Russia and China, and US plans for high precision non-nuclear weapons.

Putin, on his first overseas trip since being inaugurated this month for a new presidential term, described Moscow and Beijing’s co-operation in world affairs as one of the main stabilising factors in the international arena.

‘Together we are defending the principles of justice and a democratic world order reflecting multipolar realities and based on international law,’ Putin told Xi.

Their comments followed similar yesterday, when the pair declared the bond between their nations a ‘stabilising force’ in a chaotic world.

Despite their emphasis on the partnership, most analysts and commentators agree that amid his continuing war, it is Putin who needs this relationship more than Xi. 

China has proved an economic lifeline for Russia after The West slapped Moscow with unprecedented sanctions over Ukraine, and Putin has spoken very highly of his Chinese counterpart while waxing lyrical over his admiration for Chinese culture – even commenting that members of his family are learning Mandarin. 

Most analysts and commentators agree that Putin needs this relationship more than Xi

Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and China’s President Xi Jinping attend an official welcoming ceremony in front of the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square in Beijing on May 16, 2024

Chinese President Xi Jinping, left, and Russian President Vladimir Putin review the honour guard during an official welcome ceremony in Beijing, China, Thursday, May 16, 2024

Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and China’s President Xi Jinping attend a signing ceremony following their talks in Beijing on May 16, 2024

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping exchange bilateral documents during a meeting in Beijing, China May 16, 2024

Putin was greeted by Xi at a grand welcoming ceremony outside Beijing’s Great Hall of the People which rolled out the red carpet and received the Russian President with a guard of honour. 

The national anthems of both countries and martial tunes played as the two leaders met, kicking off a two-day visit by Putin that is expected to see the countries deepen a relationship they have declared has ‘no limits’.

In a meeting, Xi then told his ‘old friend’ Putin that China-Russia relations were ‘conducive to peace’, according to a readout from Beijing’s foreign ministry.

‘China is ready to work with Russia to… uphold fairness and justice in the world,’ Xi added.

‘The China-Russia relationship today is hard-earned, and the two sides need to cherish and nurture it.’

Putin, in turn, told Xi the two countries’ relations were ‘stabilising factors in the international arena‘, insisting that ‘relations between Russia and China are not opportunistic and not directed against anyone’.

‘Together, we uphold the principles of justice and a democratic world order that reflects multipolar realities and is based on international law,’ he added.

The Russian leader’s arrival came hours after he hailed his country’s troops for advancing on ‘all fronts’ on the battlefield in Ukraine, following a major new ground assault.

Meanwhile Xi, who returned last week from a three-nation tour of Europe, has rebuffed Western criticism of his country’s ties with Moscow, enjoying cheap Russian energy imports and access to vast natural resources, including steady gas shipments via the Power of Siberia pipeline.

Chinese President Xi Jinping, right, and Russian President Vladimir Putin attend an official welcome ceremony in Beijing, China, on Thursday, May 16, 2024

Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and China’s President Xi Jinping attend an official welcoming ceremony in front of the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square in Beijing on May 16, 2024

Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and China’s President Xi Jinping walk prior to their talks in Beijing on May 16, 2024

In this pool photograph distributed by the Russian state agency Sputnik, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and China’s President Xi Jinping attend an official welcoming ceremony in front of the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square in Beijing on May 16, 2024

Putin was welcomed by Xi and a guard of honour

Russian President Vladimir Putin attends talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, China, on Thursday, May 16

120 mm mortar crew fires shells at Russian positions as the war between Russia and Ukraine continues in Chasiv Yar, Ukraine on April 27, 2024

A Ukrainian soldier of an artillery unit fires towards Russian positions outside Bakhmut on November 8, 2022, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine

‘This is Putin’s first trip after his inauguration, and it is therefore intended to show that Sino-Russian relations are moving up another level,’ independent Russian political analyst Konstantin Kalachev said.

‘Not to mention the visibly sincere personal friendship between the two leaders.’

But their economic partnership has come under close scrutiny from the West in recent months.

US Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who met Xi in Beijing last month, warned China’s support for Russia’s ‘brutal war of aggression’ in Ukraine had helped Russia ramp up production of rockets, drones and tanks – while stopping short of direct arms exports.

China claims to be a neutral party in the Ukraine conflict, which it has never condemned and in which it has sought to frame itself as a mediator.

Putin, in an interview published in Xinhua ahead of his visit, hailed Beijing’s ‘genuine desire’ to help resolve the Ukraine crisis.

China-Russia trade has boomed since the Ukraine invasion and hit $240 billion in 2023, according to Chinese customs figures.

But after Washington vowed to go after financial institutions that facilitate Moscow, Chinese exports to Russia dipped during March and April, down from a surge early in the year.

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese President Xi Jinping attend talks at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China May 16, 2024

Chinese President Xi Jinping, right, and Russian President Vladimir Putin shake hands prior to talks in Beijing, China, on Thursday, May 16, 2024

Russian President Vladimir Putin attends talks with Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing, China, on Thursday, May 16, 2024

Russia’s national flag flies beside the Chinese flag in front of Tiananmen Gate next to Tiananmen Square, during the state visit of Russia’s president Vladimir Putin in Beijing on May 16, 2024

Russian President Vladimir Putin (L) and Chinese President Xi Jinping (R) talk during a bilateral meeting on May 16, 2024

Ukrainian soldiers at the artillery position in an unidentified area on the Adiivka frontline prepare to fire the D 30 gun as the war between Russia and Ukraine continues in Adiivka

Ukrainian servicemen who recently returned from the trenches of Bakhmut walk on a street in Chasiv Yar, Ukraine

An executive order by President Joe Biden in December permits secondary sanctions on foreign banks that deal with Russia’s war machine, allowing the US Treasury to cut them out of the dollar-led global financial system.

That, coupled with recent efforts to rebuild fractured ties with the United States, may make Beijing reluctant to openly push more cooperation with Russia – despite what Moscow may want, analysts said.

Eight people from both countries involved in cross-border trade told AFP in recent days that several Chinese banks have halted or slowed transactions with Russian clients.

Putin’s post-election trip to Beijing echoes Xi’s own visit to Russia after his re-anointing as leader last year.

The two leaders are set to sign a joint declaration following the talks, the Kremlin said, and attend an evening marking 75 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries.

Putin will also meet Premier Li Qiang – China’s number two official – and travel to the northeastern city of Harbin for a trade and investment expo.